Kd values of some Local Anesthetics in kKv 1.5 cardiac potassium channels
(highest values reveal less "cardiotoxicity")
Local Anesthetic Racemic S(-) R(+)
Bupivacaine 8 mM 27 mM 4.1 mM
Ropivacaine - 81 mM 32 mM
IQB-9302 21 mM 65 mM 19 mM